The boxes refer to their LAT LONG titles, not the location of the box. EGGD is approximately halfway between 50°N and 52°30'N so extrapolation between two boxes is required.

290°/25knots & 280°/20knots = 285/22.5
(rounded to 285/23)

Form 214 will give the pilot spot wind direction, wind velocity and temperature at various locations and altitudes.

Each box from left to right the information reads:
Altitude. 05 = 5000ft, Wind direction 280°, Wind speed 20 Knots and Temperature -1°C

Distress
Distress is defined as a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance.
The international Aeronautical VHF Distress Frequency is 121.50 MHz.
Initial distress messages should be broadcast on the current frequency.

Emergency messages shall contain:
(time and circumstance permitting) and, whenever possible, should be passed
in the order given:

1. ‘MAYDAY/MAYDAY/MAYDAY’ (or ‘PAN PAN/PAN PAN/PAN PAN’);
2. Name of the station addressed (when appropriate and time and
circumstances permitting);
3. Callsign;
4. Type of aircraft;
5. Nature of the emergency;
6. Intention of the person-in-command;
7. Present or last known position, flight level/altitude and heading;
8. Pilot qualifications:
9. Any other useful information e.g. endurance remaining, number of
people on board (POB), aircraft colour/markings, any survival aids.

There is no ICAO requirement to include pilot qualifications in a
distress message. However, this information should be included
whenever possible in UK emergency messages as it may help the
controller to plan a course of action best suited to the pilot’s ability.

Solo student pilots shall prefix the aircraft callsign with ‘STUDENT’,
e.g. ‘MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY STUDENT G-ABCD … ‘ to indicate
their lack of experience.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a by-product of combustion which, if inhaled, attaches itself to haemoglobin much more readily than oxygen (O2) and it's because of this that the brain is starved of oxygen and eventually death occurs.

CO is especially dangerous because it is an odourless and colourless gas. It can be introduced to the cockpit either through a leak in the aircraft's heater or cigarette smoke.

After exposure to CO poisoning it may take a number of days to fully recover.
Symptoms Headaches, dizziness and nausea

Windshear & Microbursts
Wind shear can be defined as a sudden change in wind velocity and/or direction over a short distance. These changes in wind speed and direction can create significant turbulence and pose a threat to aircraft.

Virga, Thunderstorms, Fronts, roll cloud and inversions are all signs of possible windshear which is usually associated with: jet streams, mountain waves or inversion layers, frontal surfaces, thunderstorms and convective clouds or microbursts, occurring close to the ground.

Virga refers to precipitation that falls from clouds but evaporates before it reaches the ground. While virga itself does not necessarily indicate the presence of wind shear, it can be a sign of atmospheric instability, which can create conditions conducive to wind shear.

I had to rush my checks and did not feel ready, so i decided to release the rope..

Ensure you know your symbols and codes. They may not always be in colour.

When large masses of warm air and cold air meet, they do not mix because of density differences. Instead, they form a front, usually hundreds of miles long.

An Occluded Front forms when a warm air mass gets caught between two cold air masses. The warm air mass rises as the cool air masses push and meet in the middle. The temperature drops as the warm air mass is occluded, or “cut off,” from the ground and pushed upward. Such fronts can bring strong winds and heavy precipitation.

Occluded fronts usually form around mature low pressure areas.

When an aircraft is operating VFR above FL100, it must remain 1,500m horizontally and 1,000ft vertically from cloud in Class G airspace.

The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) states that temperature decreases at approximately 2°C (1.98°C) every 1,000ft and that temperature is 15°C at sea level.

Solution:
Find the ISA temperature at 3,000ft

2 (°C per 1000ft) x 3 (thousand feet) = 6°C

Therefore it is 6°C colder at 3,000ft than at 0ft

15°C (ISA Sea Level Temp) + 2 (Reported ISA Deviation) = 17°C

17°C – 6°C = 11°C

The coldest time of day is said to be just after sunrise.

This is because during the night the earth is continuously losing heat energy.

It does this until the sun reaches a point in the sky where the Suns radiation exceeds the heat radiation lost from night cooling.

Sea breezes are caused by the diurnal temperature cycle and the difference in temperature changes between land and sea.

(OCNL Severe icing NE)

METAR = Stands for "Meteorological Aerodrome Report" and is a report of current conditions.
NOSIG = No significant change expected within the next two hours.

BR = Mist
HZ = Haze
GR = Hail
SN = Snow
GS = Snow Pellets
CB = Cumulonimbus
BKN = Broken (cloud)
OVC = Overcast
SCT = Scattered (cloud)
FEW = Few (clouds)
FU = Smoke
VRB = Variable (wind)
CAVOK = Ceiling and visibility OK

Light signals from a ground ATSU differ depending on whether they are to an aircraft on the ground or an aircraft in flight.

1° = 60 nautical miles
1' = 1 nautical mile

25° 00' - 15° 30' = 9° 30' 

The aircraft has travelled 9°30'

9° x 60 = 540nm
30' = 30nm
540nm + 30nm = 570nm

(or 9DMS 30DMS x 60 = 570nm)

When using the QNH pressure setting, vertical position should be expressed as altitude.
When using the QFE pressure setting, the vertical displacement above the airfield is communicated as height.
When using standard pressure setting 1013.25hpa vertical position is communicated in flight levels.

Anabatic winds are winds blowing uphill.
Katabatic winds are winds blowing downhill e.g. behind a mountain range.