Ensure you know your symbols and codes. They may not always be in colour.

Clouds are usually divided into 3 levels according to the part of the atmosphere they are found.

High clouds (CH) Base usually 20,000 ft or above
Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus

Medium clouds (CM) Base usually between 6,500 and 20,000 ft.
Altocumulus, Altostratus, Nimbostratus

Low clouds (CL) Base usually below 6,500 ft over British Isles.
Stratocumulus, Stratus, Cumulus, Cumulonimbus

Cloud names are usually combinations of the following prefixes or suffixes:

Stratus/strato: flat/layered and smooth
Alto: Medium level
Cumulus/cumulo: heaped up/puffy, like cauliflower
Cirrus/cirro: High up/wispy
Nimbus/Nimbo: meaning ‘Rain-bearing’

Vertical development of Cumulus clouds into rain showers is called "over-development."

The feeling of breathlessness at altitude is caused by a reduction in air pressure. The composition of the air remains roughly the same.

The gas composition of air is:
Oxygen 21%
Nitrogen 78%
Noble gases 1% (argon 0.9% / carbon dioxide 0.037%)

The mass of a 1m cube of air at MSL is 1,225kg.
Water may be found in the atmosphere in liquid, solid or gaseous states.

I had to rush my checks and did not feel ready, so i decided to release the rope..

TORA + Clearway = TODA

When large masses of warm air and cold air meet, they do not mix because of density differences. Instead, they form a front, usually hundreds of miles long.

An Occluded Front forms when a warm air mass gets caught between two cold air masses. The warm air mass rises as the cool air masses push and meet in the middle. The temperature drops as the warm air mass is occluded, or “cut off,” from the ground and pushed upward. Such fronts can bring strong winds and heavy precipitation.

Occluded fronts usually form around mature low pressure areas.

Land at this aerodrome. DAY or NIGHT — Lowering landing gear, (if fitted), showing steady landing lights and following the intercepting aircraft and, if, after overflying the runway in use or helicopter landing area, landing is considered safe, proceeding to land.

(OCNL Severe icing NE)

The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) states that temperature decreases at approximately 2°C (1.98°C) every 1,000ft and that temperature is 15°C at sea level.

Solution:
Find the ISA temperature at 3,000ft

2 (°C per 1000ft) x 3 (thousand feet) = 6°C

Therefore it is 6°C colder at 3,000ft than at 0ft

15°C (ISA Sea Level Temp) + 2 (Reported ISA Deviation) = 17°C

17°C – 6°C = 11°C

As the aircraft is not in actual IMC, there is no requirement for one of the crew to hold a valid instrument rating.

Aerodrome Traffic Zones surround many UK aerodromes to protect aircraft around the airfield from passing flights.

An aircraft may not fly within an active ATZ unless the pilot in command has the permission of the ATC unit (if applicable), or contacted any other type of Air Traffic Service Unit. The radius of the ATZ depends on the length of the longest runway at the aerodrome.

< 1850m 2nm 2000ft AAL
> 1850m 2.5nm 2000ft AAL

METAR = Stands for "Meteorological Aerodrome Report" and is a report of current conditions.
NOSIG = No significant change expected within the next two hours.

BR = Mist
HZ = Haze
GR = Hail
SN = Snow
GS = Snow Pellets
CB = Cumulonimbus
BKN = Broken (cloud)
OVC = Overcast
SCT = Scattered (cloud)
FEW = Few (clouds)
FU = Smoke
VRB = Variable (wind)
CAVOK = Ceiling and visibility OK

This question is solved using the 1-in-60 Rule.

After 20 nautical miles, we determine that we are 4nm off track.

(4 x 60) ÷ 20 = 12  *or 4 in 20 is equivalent to 12 in 60

Therefore our track error (TE) is 12°.

We wish to correct the error in 10 nautical miles.

(4 x 60) ÷ 10 = 24  *or 4 in 10 is equivalent to 24 in 60

Therefore our correction angle (CA) is 24°.

12° (TE) + 24° (CA) = 36°

As the question states that we are to the right of the desired track our correction must be to the left.

The question states that the magnetic heading is 130°.

130° - 36° = 94°

This question requires a CDMVT calculation to get TRUE HEADING.

Drift is not required to answer this question.

Remember:
Deviation East Compass Least, Variation West Magnetic Best, or use the arrow method.

Step 1:

Step 2:

True Track is not required to answer this question, however this is how it would be calculated:

East and West may referred to as a + or - symbol respectively, (eg. deviation -2 = 2°W)

Remember that D is for deviation, not drift, and True Track is not True Heading.

Your senses may be deceiving you, you may feel you are in a bank, climb or descent, should you encounter disorientation, you should use and trust your instruments.