Remember:
QNH = Altitude above sea level
QFE = Height above ground

Solution:
Elevation of airfield is 270ft AMSL and QNH is 1019.
What is the QFE?

The pressure drop at 270ft is:
270 ÷ 30 = 9hPa (30ft = 1hPA)

1019hPa – 9hPa = 1010hPa QFE

Fog is essentially cloud at ground level.

- Radiation fog: Forms after a clear night, light winds and relatively high humidity, as the earth’s surface cools it cools the air just above it until it reaches 100% humidity.

- Advection fog: Forms when moist air flows over a cooler surface.

- Frontal fog: is formed when warm raindrops evaporate into cooler drier air near the surface, it usually occurs in advance of warm or occluded fronts.

- Orographic fog: Emerges if humid and almost saturated air is forced by a prevailing wind to rise upslope of hills or shallow mountains.

Light signals from a ground ATSU differ depending on whether they are to an aircraft on the ground or an aircraft in flight.

Land at this aerodrome. DAY or NIGHT — Lowering landing gear, (if fitted), showing steady landing lights and following the intercepting aircraft and, if, after overflying the runway in use or helicopter landing area, landing is considered safe, proceeding to land.

The coldest time of day is said to be just after sunrise.

This is because during the night the earth is continuously losing heat energy.

It does this until the sun reaches a point in the sky where the Suns radiation exceeds the heat radiation lost from night cooling.

Sea breezes are caused by the diurnal temperature cycle and the difference in temperature changes between land and sea.

This question requires a CDMVT calculation to get TRUE HEADING.

Drift is not required to answer this question.

Remember:
Deviation East Compass Least, Variation West Magnetic Best, or use the arrow method.

Step 1:

Step 2:

True Track is not required to answer this question, however this is how it would be calculated:

East and West may referred to as a + or - symbol respectively, (eg. deviation -2 = 2°W)

Remember that D is for deviation, not drift, and True Track is not True Heading.

I had to rush my checks and did not feel ready, so i decided to release the rope..

METAR = Stands for "Meteorological Aerodrome Report" and is a report of current conditions.
NOSIG = No significant change expected within the next two hours.

BR = Mist
HZ = Haze
GR = Hail
SN = Snow
GS = Snow Pellets
CB = Cumulonimbus
BKN = Broken (cloud)
OVC = Overcast
SCT = Scattered (cloud)
FEW = Few (clouds)
FU = Smoke
VRB = Variable (wind)
CAVOK = Ceiling and visibility OK

When an aircraft is operating VFR above FL100, it must remain 1,500m horizontally and 1,000ft vertically from cloud in Class G airspace.

Abbreviation Meaning:
SKC = Sky clear
FEW = 1 to 2 eighths
SCT = 3 to 4 eighths
BKN = 5 to 7 eighths
OVC = Fully overcast

Distress
Distress is defined as a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance.
The international Aeronautical VHF Distress Frequency is 121.50 MHz.
Initial distress messages should be broadcast on the current frequency.

Emergency messages shall contain:
(time and circumstance permitting) and, whenever possible, should be passed
in the order given:

1. ‘MAYDAY/MAYDAY/MAYDAY’ (or ‘PAN PAN/PAN PAN/PAN PAN’);
2. Name of the station addressed (when appropriate and time and
circumstances permitting);
3. Callsign;
4. Type of aircraft;
5. Nature of the emergency;
6. Intention of the person-in-command;
7. Present or last known position, flight level/altitude and heading;
8. Pilot qualifications:
9. Any other useful information e.g. endurance remaining, number of
people on board (POB), aircraft colour/markings, any survival aids.

There is no ICAO requirement to include pilot qualifications in a
distress message. However, this information should be included
whenever possible in UK emergency messages as it may help the
controller to plan a course of action best suited to the pilot’s ability.

Solo student pilots shall prefix the aircraft callsign with ‘STUDENT’,
e.g. ‘MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY STUDENT G-ABCD … ‘ to indicate
their lack of experience.

When using the QNH pressure setting, vertical position should be expressed as altitude.
When using the QFE pressure setting, the vertical displacement above the airfield is communicated as height.
When using standard pressure setting 1013.25hpa vertical position is communicated in flight levels.

This question is solved using the 1-in-60 Rule.

After 20 nautical miles, we determine that we are 4nm off track.

(4 x 60) ÷ 20 = 12  *or 4 in 20 is equivalent to 12 in 60

Therefore our track error (TE) is 12°.

We wish to correct the error in 10 nautical miles.

(4 x 60) ÷ 10 = 24  *or 4 in 10 is equivalent to 24 in 60

Therefore our correction angle (CA) is 24°.

12° (TE) + 24° (CA) = 36°

As the question states that we are to the right of the desired track our correction must be to the left.

The question states that the magnetic heading is 130°.

130° - 36° = 94°

The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) states that temperature decreases at approximately 2°C (1.98°C) every 1,000ft and that temperature is 15°C at sea level.

Solution:
Find the ISA temperature at 3,000ft

2 (°C per 1000ft) x 3 (thousand feet) = 6°C

Therefore it is 6°C colder at 3,000ft than at 0ft

15°C (ISA Sea Level Temp) + 2 (Reported ISA Deviation) = 17°C

17°C – 6°C = 11°C

To signal ready for take-off: "Ready for departure"

Aerodrome Traffic Zones surround many UK aerodromes to protect aircraft around the airfield from passing flights.

An aircraft may not fly within an active ATZ unless the pilot in command has the permission of the ATC unit (if applicable), or contacted any other type of Air Traffic Service Unit. The radius of the ATZ depends on the length of the longest runway at the aerodrome.

< 1850m 2nm 2000ft AAL
> 1850m 2.5nm 2000ft AAL